From 0471d350593cbe5e228c1b09ceae28634b038965 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Crystal Thielen Date: Mon, 8 Sep 2025 01:32:48 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] Add August Krogh: Muscle Capillary Function And Oxygen Delivery --- August-Krogh%3A-Muscle-Capillary-Function-And-Oxygen-Delivery.md | 7 +++++++ 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+) create mode 100644 August-Krogh%3A-Muscle-Capillary-Function-And-Oxygen-Delivery.md diff --git a/August-Krogh%3A-Muscle-Capillary-Function-And-Oxygen-Delivery.md b/August-Krogh%3A-Muscle-Capillary-Function-And-Oxygen-Delivery.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a6c163 --- /dev/null +++ b/August-Krogh%3A-Muscle-Capillary-Function-And-Oxygen-Delivery.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
The capillary mattress constitutes the obligatory pathway for nearly all oxygen (O2) and [BloodVitals insights](http://36.138.125.206:3000/ilenescribner/7516bloodvitals-spo2-device/wiki/Why-COVID-19-May-Cause-Bluish-Lips-in-Severe-Cases%2C-according-to-Doctors) substrate molecules as they cross from blood to individual cells. As the most important organ, by mass, skeletal muscle incorporates a prodigious surface area of capillaries that have a critical role in metabolic homeostasis and should support energetic requirements that enhance as much as 100-fold from relaxation to maximal exercise. In 1919 Krogh’s 3 papers, printed in the Journal of Physiology, brilliantly conflated measurements of muscle capillary function at rest and during contractions with Agner K. Erlang’s mathematical model of O2 diffusion. These papers single-handedly modified the perception of capillaries from passive vessels serving at the mercy of their upstream arterioles into actively contracting vessels that have been recruited during exercise to elevate blood-myocyte O2 flux. Although seminal options of Krogh’s mannequin have not withstood the test of time and subsequent technological developments, Krogh is credited with serving to discovered the sphere of muscle microcirculation and [BloodVitals SPO2](https://scoopmagazines.com/guide-to-fixing-mistakes-on-a-us-visa-application-steps-and-tips/) appreciating the role of the capillary mattress and muscle O2 diffusing capacity in facilitating blood-myocyte O2 flux.
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Today, thanks in massive half to Krogh, [BloodVitals SPO2](https://wiki.internzone.net/index.php?title=Blood-Based_Biomarkers_To_Assist_Screen_Diagnose_Alzheimer_s) it's recognized that comprehending the role of the microcirculation, because it supports perfusive and [BloodVitals SPO2](http://izbaszczepankowo.pl/flexi/slub/) diffusive O2 conductances, is elementary to understanding skeletal muscle plasticity with exercise coaching and resolving the mechanistic bases by which main pathologies including heart failure and diabetes cripple exercise tolerance and cerebrovascular dysfunction predicates impaired executive function. Shack August Steenberg Krogh (1874-1949) was a very good experimentalist who might conceive and fabricate state-of-the art objective-built research instruments. These capabilities empowered his great intellect and unstoppable curiosity enabling him to deal with some of the most pressing scientific questions of the day, [BloodVitals SPO2](https://git.yuhong.com.cn/thurmanserna03) in physiology and past. Certainly one of his personal beliefs was that "Questions worthy of assault, show their worth by combating back" a saying from the Danish polymath, Piet Hein, (27) and his measurements, as depicted in Fig. 1 (left aspect), emphasised the foundational dilemma concerning capillary function that he solved together with his "capillary recruitment" concept.
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35% of this body mass, this was an extraordinarily large person (143 kg, [BloodVitals SPO2](https://govtjobseek.com/khoya-huaa-gahna-vaps-lotakr-imandari-ka-parichy-diya/) 315 lb). 12 L and skeletal muscle would have required 34% of that quantity - which he fairly rightly thought-about untenable. Figure 1. Krogh’s dilemma that helped formulate the capillary recruitment speculation. Left side: When Krogh calculated the total length of capillaries in skeletal muscle (17, page 10) he arrived at a complete size of 100,000 km which captured the attention of scientists and school children the world over by being adequate to circumscribe the Earth practically 3 times at the equator! His calculation used a capillary density of 2,000.mm−2, a price several-fold increased than human muscle (24) and likewise thought of an individual with 50 kg of skeletal muscle (which is feasible, but extraordinary). 45%). Krogh’s mannequin of capillary recruitment was his answer to the hemodynamic infeasibility of devoting a 3rd of whole blood quantity to the skeletal muscle capillary bed at rest.
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2% of total blood volume. From his intravital microscopy observations within the tongue of deeply anesthetized frogs and different muscles and species, [BloodVitals SPO2](https://wiki.dulovic.tech/index.php/Is_Blood_Really_Blue) as well as India ink (carbon) infusions in muscles at relaxation, during contractions and put up-mortem, Krogh spied a potential solution (18-20). What if, at the very least at relaxation, most capillaries had been shut and did not help crimson blood cell (RBC) or [BloodVitals SPO2](http://www.vmeste-so-vsemi.ru/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:JonahLahey8029) plasma flux (Fig. 2)? During muscle contractions/train, these capillaries would then open and obtain blood movement (capillary recruitment). Figure 2. Central tenets to Krogh’s muscle capillary recruitment concept. 18-20): [BloodVitals SPO2](http://stephankrieger.net/index.php?title=Blood_Pressure_Monitors) A. Capillaries have a binary operate, [blood oxygen monitor](https://bonusrot.com/index.php/User:RonnyVillanueva) both open and flowing or closed (no RBCs or plasma). All open capillaries (at rest or during contractions) are considered to have the same O2 supply. B. At relaxation (non-contracting) most capillaries not flowing (i.e., [BloodVitals insights](http://wiki.algabre.ch/index.php?title=Benutzer:KlausHoadley) closed’). C. Capillaries initially thought to be contractile, later Rouget cells (pericytes) thought of to constrict the capillary. D. Cross section of resting muscle showing most capillaries closed.
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